Brucellosis in Cervidae

What is brucellosis?
Brucellosis is an infectious disease of animals and humans caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Brucellosis  can cause abortion, infertility, and sterility, resulting in economic loss to the producer. The state of Idaho has rules administered by the Department of Agriculture, IDAPA 02.04.20, “Rules Governing Brucellosis,” that address cervidae specifically.

How is brucellosis transmitted?

The major sources of infection are reproductive (mainly fetal and placental) secretions and mammary secretions (milk) from infected animals. Brucellosis can be transmitted through ingestion of or contact with aborted fetuses and contact with infected calves. Brucellosis can also be transmitted from bull to cow through natural mating; however, this is very rare.

What are the signs of infection in cervidae?

Brucellosis most commonly targets the reproductive system. Some animals will show no signs of infection, but abortion late in pregnancy or the birth of weak calves are the most common. Other clinical signs include arthritis, lameness and abscesses.

Can brucellosis infect humans?

The main risk for humans to become infected with brucellosis is through contact with reproductive fluids – placental and fetal fluids – from infected animals. Although there is a possibility for brucellosis to be transmitted through milk or meat, the pasteurization of milk and the cooking of meat destroy the bacteria. 

Who do I contact for brucellosis testing?

Any federally accredited veterinarian can draw blood to test for brucellosis. Contact your veterinarian to schedule testing.

Brucellosis is a reportable disease in Idaho.

If you have a question that is not covered here, please contact Animal Industries by email or at (208) 332-8571.